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Una revisión de las principales enfermedades que afectan a los cerdos en las etapas pre-weaning, post-weaning y reproducción. Se describen los síntomas, causas y tratamientos de enfermedades como el dermatitis exudativa, la coccidiosis, la disentería porcina, la mastitis y el parvovirus. Además, se ofrecen métodas preventivas para reducir la incidencia de estas enfermedades.
Tipo: Resúmenes
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Diseases Exudative dermatitis (greasy pig disease) Coccidiosis Respiratory diseases Swine dysentery Mastitis Porcine parvovirus Cause of the Diseases Caused by an infection with the Staphylococcus hyicus bacteria and it manifests through skin lesions. Caused by three types of the coccidia intercellular parasite. Caused by a bacterial infection of the mammary glands, where skin discolorations can be observed. Caused by the bacteria Brachyspira hyodsenteriae . Caused by a bacterial infection of the mammary glands, where skin discolorations can be observed. The parvovirus is somewhat more difficult to diagnose because other reproductive diseases present similar symptoms. Symptoms The lesions first appear as dark spots on the skin, which spread and become flaky, with a greasy feel. The main symptom is diarrhea, which can also be bloody and it occurs during between 10 and 21 days of age and up to 15 weeks of age. The most common symptoms of respiratory diseases are coughing, sneezing, heavy breathing, reduced growth, and even mortality. Pigs that suffer from dysentery in the post- weaning stage have reduced growth rate; in more severe cases sudden death can occur. It has symptoms such as reduced milk production, higher body temperature and loss of appetite. Usually, the reproductive disease occurs in gilts, the reproductive performance being overall affected. Treatment methods The infection is treated with antibiotics, skin protectants, and autogenous vaccines. Acute cases can be treated with coccidiostats and fluid therapy. To treat this type of diseases, antibiotics are often given in feed or water or as injectable substances. Treated with antibiotics which are given through feed or water, or as injectable substances. Antibiotics and anti- inflammatory drugs are the most efficient treatment for mastitis. Usually, a combination There are no treatments for this disease.
of oxytocin and corticosteroid s is prescribed to treat mastitis. Preventio n Methods One of the best prevention methods is to improve hygiene conditions in the piglet housing areas. Sows can be treated with coccidiostats in order to prevent this disease. It’s also good to improve hygiene conditions on the farm, to end the circle of infections. Important to identify the strain present on a farm to fight against this disease in an efficient way. It’s important to always buy pigs from reliable sources and to request a thorough medical check-up. Improving hygiene in farrowing houses is extremely important. Healthy nutrition during the late pregnancy stage is an important factor to increase immunity. As there are no treatments for this disease, prevention is extremely important, through regular vaccination of gilts.