FORMULARIO TERMO BÁSICA 21-1
Presión
𝑃=𝐹
𝐴
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑃=𝜌ℎ𝑎
𝜌1ℎ1=𝜌2ℎ2
𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑥=𝜌𝑥
𝜌𝐻2𝑂
Volumen
𝑉𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 =𝑉
𝑛
𝑛=𝑚
𝑀
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑒𝑠𝑝 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑉
𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑝 =𝑉
𝑚
𝐴=𝜋
4∅2
𝜌=𝑚
𝑉
Temperatura
𝑡(°𝐹)= (1.8°𝐹
°𝐶) 𝑡(°𝐶)+32°𝐹
T(°𝑅)= (1.8 °𝑅
𝐾)𝑇(𝐾)
𝑇(𝐾) =(1𝐾
°𝐶)𝑡(°𝐶)+273.15𝐾
𝑇(°𝑅)=(1°𝑅
°𝐹)𝑡(°𝐹)+459.67 °𝑅
Gases ideales
𝑃 𝑉 = 𝑛 𝑅 𝑇
𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 =𝑦𝑖𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑣𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 =𝑦𝑖𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛= 𝑃 𝑉
𝑅 𝑇
𝑃=𝑛 𝑅 𝑇
𝑉
𝑉=𝑛 𝑅 𝑇
𝑃
𝑇=𝑃 𝑉
𝑛 𝑅
𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =∑𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =∑𝑣𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 =𝑣𝑖
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑦𝑖=𝑛𝑖
𝑛𝑡=𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛
𝑥𝑖=𝑚𝑖
𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
% 𝑥𝑖=𝑚𝑖
𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ×100
% 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖
𝑛𝑡×100
𝑀𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 =∑𝑦𝑖𝑀𝑖
𝑀𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 =𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑡
Primera ley
𝑄+ 𝑊 = ∆𝑈
𝐻=𝑈+𝑃𝑉(𝑓𝑐)
𝑄𝑝=∆𝐻 =∫𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑡
𝐶𝑝−𝐶𝑣 =𝑅
𝐶𝑝
𝐶𝑣=𝛾
𝑄𝑣=∆𝑈= ∫𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑑𝑡
𝑊=−∫𝑃𝑑𝑉
Datos PVT para
procesos
𝑃𝑖𝑉𝑖
𝑇𝑖=𝑃𝑓𝑉𝑓
𝑇𝑓
𝑃𝑖𝑉𝑖𝛿=𝑃𝑓𝑉𝑓𝛿
𝑃𝑖=𝑃𝑓(𝑉𝑓
𝑉𝑖)𝛿
𝑉𝑖=𝑉𝑓(𝑃𝑓
𝑃𝑖)1
𝛿
𝑇𝑖=𝑇𝑓(𝑉𝑓
𝑉𝑖)𝛿−1
𝑉𝑓= 𝑉𝑖(𝑇𝑖
𝑇𝑓)1
𝛿−1
𝑇𝑓= 𝑇𝑖(𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑓)1−𝛿
𝛿
𝑃𝑖=𝑃𝑓(𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖)𝛿
1−𝛿
𝛿=𝑙𝑛(𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑓)
𝑙𝑛(𝑉𝑓
𝑉𝑖)
Proceso
Isobárico
Isotérmico
Isocórico
Adiabático
politrópico
𝑉𝑖
𝑇𝑖=𝑐𝑡𝑒= 𝑉𝑓
𝑇𝑓
𝑃𝑖𝑉𝑖=𝑐𝑡𝑒=𝑃𝑓𝑉𝑓
𝑃𝑖
𝑇𝑖=𝑐𝑡𝑒 =𝑃𝑓
𝑇𝑓
𝑃𝑖𝑉𝑖𝛾=𝑐𝑡𝑒=𝑃𝑓𝑉𝑓𝛾
𝑃𝑖𝑉𝑖𝛿=𝑐𝑡𝑒=𝑃𝑓𝑉𝑓𝛿
∆U
𝑛𝐶𝑣(𝑇𝑓−𝑇𝑖)
∆H
𝑛𝐶𝑝(𝑇𝑓−𝑇𝑖)
∆𝐻=𝑛𝑅[𝐴 (𝑇2−𝑇1)+𝐵
2(𝑇22−𝑇12)+𝐶
3(𝑇23−𝑇13)+𝐷
−1(1
𝑇2−1
𝑇1)]
∆S
𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖
𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛𝑉𝑓
𝑉𝑖
𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖
0
𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖+ 𝑛𝑅
1−𝛿𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖
𝑛𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖 + 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛 𝑉𝑓
𝑣𝑖
𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑛𝑇𝑓
𝑇𝑖 + 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛 𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑓
∆𝑆= 𝑛𝑅[𝐴 𝑙𝑛𝑇2
𝑇1+𝐵 (𝑇2−𝑇1)+𝐶
2(𝑇22−𝑇12)+𝐷
−2(1
𝑇22−1
𝑇12)]+ 𝑛𝑅𝑙𝑛𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑓
Q
∆H
-W
∆𝑈
0
∆𝑈−𝑊
W
∆𝑈−𝑄
−𝑛𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑉𝑓
𝑉𝑖
0
∆𝑈
−𝑛 𝑅 (𝑇𝑓−𝑇𝑖)
1−𝛿
Segunda Ley
∆𝑆=∫𝛿𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑇
𝜂=𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜
𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝜂=1−𝑄𝐵
𝑄𝐴
𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑞.𝑟𝑒𝑣. = 1− 𝑇𝐵
𝑇𝐴
𝑄𝐴
𝑄𝐵=𝑇𝐵
𝑇𝐴
QA= w + QB
𝛽=𝑄𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑜
𝛽= 1
𝑄𝐴
𝑄𝐵−1
𝛽𝑚𝑎𝑞.𝑟𝑒𝑣. =1
𝑇𝐴
𝑇𝐵−1
Termoquímica
∆𝐻0𝑅=∑∆𝐻0𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 −∑∆𝐻0𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
∆𝐻𝑅=∆𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 +∆𝐻0𝑅+∆𝐻𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠
∆𝐻𝑅=∆𝐻0𝑅+ ∫ ∑ ∆𝑛 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
𝑇
298
∆𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 =∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡.
298
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 =∫ 𝑛𝐶𝑝𝑑𝑇𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑.
𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
298
∆𝑆0𝑅=∑𝑛𝑆0𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 −∑𝑛𝑆0 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
∆𝐺0= ∆𝐻0𝑅−𝑇∆𝑆0𝑅
∆𝑈𝑅=∆𝐻0𝑅−∆𝑛𝑔𝑅 𝑇
∆𝑛𝑔=∑𝑛𝑔𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 −∑𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
