Baixe A Programming Manual06/2009 Valid for SINUMERIK 840D sl/840DE sl SI e outras Notas de estudo em PDF para Engenharia Mecânica, somente na Docsity!
SINUMERIK SINUMERIK 840D sl/SINUMERIK 828D Fundamentals
Preface
Fundamental geometrical
principles 1
Fundamental principles of
NC programming 2
Creating an NC program 3
Tool change 4
Tool offsets 5
Spindle motion 6
Feed control 7
Geometry settings 8
Motion commands 9
Tool radius compensation 10
Path action 11
Coordinate transformations
(frames) 12
Auxiliary function outputs 13
Supplementary commands 14
Other information 15
Tables 16
Appendix A
SINUMERIK
SINUMERIK 840D sl/ SINUMERIK 828D Fundamentals
Programming Manual
6FC5398-1BP20-0BA
Valid for
Control System
SINUMERIK 840D sl/840DE sl
SINUMERIK 828D
Software Version
NCU system software for 840D sl/840DE sl 2.
NCU System software for 828D 2.
Legal information
Legal information Warning notice system This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are graded according to the degree of danger. DANGER indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken. WARNING indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION with a safety alert symbol, indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION without a safety alert symbol, indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken. NOTICE indicates that an unintended result or situation can occur if the corresponding information is not taken into account. If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property damage. Qualified Personnel The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this documentation. Commissioning and operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety notes in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, ground and label devices, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety practices and standards. Proper use of Siemens products Note the following: WARNING Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible ambient conditions must be adhered to. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed. Trademarks All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of the Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner. Disclaimer of Liability We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.
Siemens AGIndustry Sector Postfach 48 4890026 NÜRNBERG GERMANY
Ⓟ 06/2009Order number: 6FC5398-1BP20-0BA0 Copyright © Siemens AG 2009.Technical data subject to change
Preface
Fundamentals
Standard scope
This Programming Manual describes the functionality afforded by standard functions. Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the machine tool manufacturer. Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when servicing. Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed information about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of installation, operation or maintenance.
Technical Support
If you have any questions, please contact our hotline:
Europe/Africa Phone +49 180 5050 - 222 Fax +49 180 5050 - 223 €0.14/min. from German landlines, mobile phone prices may differ Internet http://www.siemens.de/automation/support-request
America Phone +1 423 262 2522 Fax +1 423 262 2200 E-mail mailto:techsupport.sea@siemens.com
Asia/Pacific Phone +86 1064 757575 Fax +86 1064 747474 E-mail mailto:support.asia.automation@siemens.com
Note You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support on the Internet: http://www.automation.siemens.com/partner
Preface
Fundamentals
Questions about the manual
If you have any queries (suggestions, corrections) in relation to this documentation, please fax or e-mail us:
Fax: +49 9131- 98 2176 E-mail: mailto:docu.motioncontrol@siemens.com A fax form is available in the appendix of this document.
SINUMERIK Internet address
http://www.siemens.com/sinumerik
"Fundamentals" and "Job planning" Programming Manual
The description of the NC programming is divided into two manuals:
- Fundamentals This "Fundamentals" Programming Manual is intended for use by skilled machine operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are also defined according to DIN 66025.
- Job planning The Programming Manual "Job planning" is intended for use by technicians with in-depth, comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language, the SINUMERIK control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g. for free-form surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and makes programming of complicated operations easy for technologists.
Availability of the described NC language elements
All NC language elements described in the manual are available for the SINUMERIK 840D sl. The availability regarding SINUMERIK 828D can be found in column "828D" of the "List of statements (Page 483) ".
Fundamentals
Table of contents
Table of contents
Table of contents
- Preface Table of contents
- 1 Fundamental geometrical principles
- 1.1 Workpiece positions.....................................................................................................................
- 1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems ....................................................................................................
- 1.1.2 Cartesian coordinates ..................................................................................................................
- 1.1.3 Polar coordinates .........................................................................................................................
- 1.1.4 Absolute dimensions....................................................................................................................
- 1.1.5 Incremental dimension.................................................................................................................
- 1.2 Working planes ............................................................................................................................
- 1.3 Zero points and reference points .................................................................................................
- 1.4 Coordinate systems .....................................................................................................................
- 1.4.1 Machine coordinate system (MCS)..............................................................................................
- 1.4.2 Basic coordinate system (BCS) ...................................................................................................
- 1.4.3 Basic zero system (BZS) .............................................................................................................
- 1.4.4 Settable zero system (SZS) .........................................................................................................
- 1.4.5 Workpiece coordinate system (WCS)..........................................................................................
- 1.4.6 What is the relationship between the various coordinate systems? ............................................
- 2 Fundamental principles of NC programming............................................................................................
- 2.1 Name of an NC program..............................................................................................................
- 2.2 Structure and contents of an NC program ...................................................................................
- 2.2.1 Blocks and block components .....................................................................................................
- 2.2.2 Block rules....................................................................................................................................
- 2.2.3 Value assignments.......................................................................................................................
- 2.2.4 Comments....................................................................................................................................
- 2.2.5 Skipping blocks ............................................................................................................................
- 3 Creating an NC program..........................................................................................................................
- 3.1 Basic procedure ...........................................................................................................................
- 3.2 Available characters.....................................................................................................................
- 3.3 Program header ...........................................................................................................................
- 3.4 Program examples.......................................................................................................................
- 3.4.1 Example 1: First programming steps ...........................................................................................
- 3.4.2 Example 2: NC program for turning .............................................................................................
- 3.4.3 Example 3: NC program for milling ..............................................................................................
- 4 Tool change.............................................................................................................................................
- 4.1 Tool change without tool management........................................................................................
- 4.1.1 Tool change with T command......................................................................................................
- 4.1.2 Tool change with M6....................................................................................................................
- 4.2 Tool change with tool management (option)................................................................................
- 4.2.1 Tool change with T command with active tool management (option)..........................................
- 4.2.2 Tool change with M6 with active tool management (option)........................................................
- 4.3 Behavior with faulty T programming Fundamentals
- 5 Tool offsets
- 5.1 General information about the tool offsets
- 5.2 Tool length compensation
- 5.3 Tool radius compensation
- 5.4 Tool compensation memory........................................................................................................
- 5.5 Tool types....................................................................................................................................
- 5.5.1 General information about the tool types
- 5.5.2 Milling tools
- 5.5.3 Drills
- 5.5.4 Grinding tools
- 5.5.5 Turning tools
- 5.5.6 Special tools................................................................................................................................
- 5.5.7 Chaining rule
- 5.6 Tool offset call (D)
- 5.7 Change in the tool offset data
- 5.8 Programmable tool offset (TOFFL, TOFF, TOFFR)....................................................................
- 6 Spindle motion
- 6.1 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5)....................................................
- 6.2 Cutting rate (SVC).....................................................................................................................
- 6.3 Constant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC)
- 6.4 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF)..........................................
- 6.5 Programmable spindle speed limitation (G25, G26).................................................................
- 7 Feed control...........................................................................................................................................
- 7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95, F, FGROUP, FL, FGREF)..............................................................
- 7.2 Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC)
- 7.3 Position-controlled spindle operation (SPCON, SPCOF)
- 7.4 Positioning spindles (SPOS, SPOSA, M19, M70, WAITS).......................................................
- 7.5 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF)
- 7.6 Programmable feedrate override (OVR, OVRRAP, OVRA)
- 7.7 Programmable acceleration override (ACC) (option)................................................................
- 7.8 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA)
- 7.9 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN).....................................
- 7.10 Several feedrate values in one block (F, ST, SR, FMA, STA, SRA).........................................
- 7.11 Non-modal feedrate (FB)
- 7.12 Tooth feedrate (G95 FZ)
- 8 Geometry settings..................................................................................................................................
- 8.1 Settable work offset (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500, SUPA, G153)
- 8.2 Selection of the working plane (G17/G18/G19) ......................................................................... Fundamentals
- 8.3 Dimensions ................................................................................................................................
- 8.3.1 Absolute dimensions (G90, AC).................................................................................................
- 8.3.2 Incremental dimensions (G91, IC) .............................................................................................
- 8.3.3 Absolute and incremental dimensions for turning and milling (G90/G91) .................................
- 8.3.4 Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN)................................................................
- 8.3.5 Inch or metric dimensions (G70/G700, G71/G710) ...................................................................
- DIAMCYCOF) ............................................................................................................................ 8.3.6 Channel-specific diameter/radius programming (DIAMON, DIAM90, DIAMOF,
- DIACYCOFA, DIAMCHANA, DIAMCHAN, DAC, DIC, RAC, RIC) ............................................ 8.3.7 Axis-specific diameter/radius programming (DIAMONA, DIAM90A, DIAMOFA,
- 8.4 Position of workpiece for turning................................................................................................
- 9 Motion commands
- 9.1 Travel commands with Cartesian coordinates (G0, G1, G2, G3, X..., Y..., Z...)........................
- 9.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates ..................................................................................
- 9.2.1 Reference point of the polar coordinates (G110, G111, G112).................................................
- 9.2.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates (G0, G1, G2, G3, AP, RP)........................................
- 9.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) ...................................................................
- 9.4 Linear interpolation (G1) ............................................................................................................
- 9.5 Circular interpolation ..................................................................................................................
- 9.5.1 Circular interpolation types (G2/G3, ...) .....................................................................................
- 9.5.2 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z..., I... J... K...) ...........
- 9.5.3 Circular interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z.../ I... J... K..., CR) .............
- K..., AR)...................................................................................................................................... 9.5.4 Circular interpolation with opening angle and center point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z.../ I... J...
- 9.5.5 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP, RP)..................................................
- K1...)........................................................................................................................................... 9.5.6 Circular interpolation with intermediate point and end point (CIP, X... Y... Z..., I1... J1...
- 9.5.7 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT, X... Y... Z...)..............................................
- 9.6 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN) .........................................................................................
- 9.7 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW)..................................................................................
- 9.8 Contour definitions .....................................................................................................................
- 9.8.1 Contour definitions: One straight line (ANG) .............................................................................
- 9.8.2 Contour definitions: Two straight lines (ANG)............................................................................
- 9.8.3 Contour definitions: Three straight line (ANG)...........................................................................
- 9.8.4 Contour definitions: End point programming with angle ............................................................
- 9.9 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33)....................................................................................
- 9.9.1 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33, SF) .............................................................................
- 9.9.2 Programmable run-in and run-out paths (DITS, DITE) ..............................................................
- 9.10 Thread cutting with increasing or decreasing lead (G34, G35) .................................................
- 9.11 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332) ................................................................
- 9.12 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63) ..................................................................................
- POLF, POLFMASK, POLFMLIN)............................................................................................... 9.13 Fast retraction for thread cutting (LFON, LFOF, DILF, ALF, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS,
- 9.14 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM)....................................................
- 10 Tool radius compensation...................................................................................................................... Fundamentals
- 10.1 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42, OFFN)
- 10.2 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT).......................................
- 10.3 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451, DISC)
- 10.4 Smooth approach and retraction...............................................................................................
- G341, DISR, DISCL, FAD, PM, PR) 10.4.1 Approach and retraction (G140 to G143, G147, G148, G247, G248, G347, G348, G340,
- 10.4.2 Approach and retraction with enhanced retraction strategies (G460, G461, G462).................
- 10.5 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2)
- 10.6 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF)................................................................................
- 10.7 Keep tool radius compensation constant (CUTCONON, CUTCONOF)
- 10.8 Tools with a relevant cutting edge position
- 11 Path action.............................................................................................................................................
- 11.1 Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603)................................................................................
- 11.2 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644, G645, ADIS, ADISPOS).................
- 12 Coordinate transformations (frames)
- 12.1 Frames
- 12.2 Frame instructions.....................................................................................................................
- 12.3 Programmable zero offset.........................................................................................................
- 12.3.1 Zero offset (TRANS, ATRANS).................................................................................................
- 12.3.2 Axial zero offset (G58, G59)......................................................................................................
- 12.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL)
- 12.5 Programmable frame rotations with solid angles (ROTS, AROTS, CROTS)
- 12.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE)........................................................................
- 12.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR)
- 12.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT)
- 12.9 Deselect frame (G53, G153, SUPA, G500)
- 12.10 Deselecting overlaid movements (DRFOF, CORROF)
- 13 Auxiliary function outputs
- 14 Supplementary commands
- 14.1 Messages (MSG)
- 14.2 Working area limitation..............................................................................................................
- 14.2.1 Working area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF)
- 14.2.2 Working area limitation in WCS/SZS (WALCS0 WALCS10)
- 14.3 Reference point approach (G74)
- 14.4 Fixed-point approach (G75, G751)
- 14.5 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW)..................................................................................
- 14.6 Acceleration behavior ................................................................................................................ Fundamentals
- 14.6.1 Acceleration mode (BRISK, BRISKA, SOFT, SOFTA, DRIVE, DRIVEA) .................................
- 14.6.2 Influence of acceleration on following axes (VELOLIMA, ACCLIMA, JERKLIMA)....................
- DYNSEMIFIN, DYNFINISH) ...................................................................................................... 14.6.3 Activation of technology-specific dynamic values (DYNNORM, DYNPOS, DYNROUGH,
- 14.7 Traversing with feedforward control, FFWON, FFWOF.............................................................
- 14.8 Contour accuracy, CPRECON, CPRECOF ...............................................................................
- 14.9 Dwell time (G4) ..........................................................................................................................
- 14.10 Internal preprocessing stop........................................................................................................
- 15 Other information
- 15.1 Axes ...........................................................................................................................................
- 15.1.1 Main axes/Geometry axes .........................................................................................................
- 15.1.2 Special axes...............................................................................................................................
- 15.1.3 Main spindle, master spindle .....................................................................................................
- 15.1.4 Machine axes .............................................................................................................................
- 15.1.5 Channel axes .............................................................................................................................
- 15.1.6 Path axes ...................................................................................................................................
- 15.1.7 Positioning axes .........................................................................................................................
- 15.1.8 Synchronized axes.....................................................................................................................
- 15.1.9 Command axes ..........................................................................................................................
- 15.1.10 PLC axes....................................................................................................................................
- 15.1.11 Link axes ....................................................................................................................................
- 15.1.12 Lead link axes ............................................................................................................................
- 15.2 From travel command to machine movement ...........................................................................
- 15.3 Path calculation..........................................................................................................................
- 15.4 Addresses ..................................................................................................................................
- 15.5 Identifiers....................................................................................................................................
- 15.6 Constants ...................................................................................................................................
- 16 Tables....................................................................................................................................................
- 16.1 List of statements.......................................................................................................................
- 16.2 Addresses ..................................................................................................................................
- 16.3 G function groups.......................................................................................................................
- 16.4 Predefined subroutine calls........................................................................................................
- 16.5 Predefined subroutine calls in motion-synchronous actions......................................................
- 16.6 Predefined functions ..................................................................................................................
- A Appendix................................................................................................................................................
- A.1 List of abbreviations ...................................................................................................................
- A.2 Feedback on the documentation................................................................................................
- A.3 Documentation overview............................................................................................................
- Glossary
- Index......................................................................................................................................................
Fundamentals
Fundamental geometrical principles 1
1.1 1.1 Workpiece positions
1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems
In order that the machine or the control can work with the positions specified in the NC program, these specifications have to be made in a reference system that can be transferred to the directions of motion of the machine axes. A coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z is used for this purpose. DIN 66217 stipulates that machine tools must use clockwise, right-angled (Cartesian) coordinate systems.
;
; <
<
=
=
r
r
: r
Figure 1-1 Workpiece coordinate system for milling
Fundamental geometrical principles
1.1 Workpiece positions
Fundamentals
=
= ;
;
<
r
r
: r
< Figure 1-2 Workpiece coordinate system for turning The workpiece zero (W) is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. Sometimes it is advisable or even necessary to work with negative position specifications. For this reason, positions that are to the left of the zero point are assigned a negative sign ("-").
1.1.2 Cartesian coordinates
The axes in the coordinate system are assigned dimensions. In this way, it is possible to clearly describe every point in the coordinate system and therefore every workpiece position through the direction (X, Y and Z) and three numerical values The workpiece zero always has the coordinates X0, Y0, and Z0.
Fundamental geometrical principles
1.1 Workpiece positions
Fundamentals
Example: Workpiece positions for turning
With lathes, one plane is sufficient to describe the contour:
=
;
3
3 3 3
Points P1 to P4 have the following coordinates:
Position Coordinates P1 X25 Z-7. P2 X40 Z- P3 X40 Z- P4 X60 Z-
Fundamental geometrical principles
1.1 Workpiece positions
Fundamentals
Example: Workpiece positions for milling
For milling, the feed depth must also be described, i.e. the third coordinate (in this case Z) must also be assigned a numerical value.
3 3
3 3
(^)
3
3
<
=
<
;
Points P1 to P3 have the following coordinates:
Position Coordinates P1 X10 Y45 Z- P2 X30 Y60 Z- P3 X45 Y20 Z-
Fundamental geometrical principles
1.1 Workpiece positions
Fundamentals
1.1.4 Absolute dimensions
Position specifications in absolute dimensions
With absolute dimensions, all the position specifications refer to the currently valid zero point. Applied to tool movement this means: the position, to which the tool is to travel.
Example: Turning
=
;
3
3 3 3
In absolute dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P1 to P4:
Position Position specification in absolute dimensions P1 X25 Z-7. P2 X40 Z- P3 X40 Z- P4 X60 Z-
Fundamental geometrical principles
1.1 Workpiece positions
Fundamentals
Example: Milling
;
<
3
3
3
In absolute dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P1 to P3:
Position Position specification in absolute dimensions P1 X20 Y P2 X50 Y P3 X70 Y
