Bacterial Replication Is Connected to
the Cell Cycle
Chapter 17
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Bacterial Replication Is Connected to the Cell Cycle chap 17, Notas de estudo de Farmácia
Bacterial Replication Is Connected to the Cell Cycle chap 17 GENES XI
Tipologia: Notas de estudo
2010
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Bacterial Replication Is Connected to the Cell Cycle Chapter 17
2 17.1 Introduction Figure 17.
4
- (^) If the doubling time is <60 minutes, a replication cycle is initiated before the division resulting from the previous replication cycle.
- (^) Fast rates of growth therefore produce multiforked chromosomes. Figure 17.
5
- (^) A replication cycle is initiated at a constant ratio of mass/number of chromosome origins.
- (^) There is one origin per unit cell of 1.7 μm m in length.
7
- (^) When the bacterium divides, each daughter has an annulus at the mid-center position.
- (^) Septation starts when the cell reaches a fixed length.
- (^) The septum consists of the same peptidoglycans that comprise the bacterial envelope.
8 Figure 17.04: Bacterial DNA may be linked to the membrane.
10
- (^) Minicells form in mutants that produce too many septa; - (^) they are small and lack DNA.
- (^) Anucleate cells of normal size are generated by partition mutants. - (^) The duplicate chromosomes fail to separate. Figure 17.
11 17.5 FtsZ Is Necessary for Septum Formation
- (^) The product of ftsZ is required for septum formation at preexisting sites.
- (^) FtsZ is a GTPase that forms a ring on the inside of the bacterial envelope. - (^) It is connected to other cytoskeletal components. Figure 17.
13 Figure 17.08: FtsZ forms a ring in a chloroplast Photo courtesy of Katherine Osteryoung, Michigan State University
14
- (^) The septum forms where MinE is able to form a ring.
- (^) At normal concentrations, MinC/D: - (^) allows a mid-center ring - (^) prevents additional rings of MinE from forming at the poles Figure 17.
16 Figure 17.11: Daughter chromosomes must segregate.
17 17.7 Chromosomal Segregation May Require Site-Specific Recombination
- (^) The Xer site-specific recombination system acts on a target sequence near the chromosome terminus. - (^) It recreates monomers if a generalized recombination event has converted the bacterial chromosome to a dimer. Figure 17.
19 17.9 Single-Copy Plasmids Have a Partitioning System
- (^) Single-copy plasmids exist at one plasmid copy per bacterial chromosome origin.
- (^) Multicopy plasmids exist at >1 plasmid copy per bacterial chromosome origin.
20
- (^) Homologous recombination between circular plasmids generates: - (^) dimers - (^) higher multimers
- (^) Plasmids have site-specific recombination systems that undertake intramolecular recombination to regenerate monomers.