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SOLUTIONS MANUAL BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Seventh Edition David M. Himmelblau and James B. Riggs Solutions Manual to Accompany Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering Seventh Edition David M. Himmelblau University of Texas James B. Riggs Texas Tech University PRENTICE HALL Professional Technical Reference Upper Saddte River, New Jersey 07458 Ê 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS To the Instructor Example Course Syllabus Course Objectives Exam and Recitation Section Schedules Suggestions for Taking Exems What You Should Know About This Course Standards for Chemical Engineering Homework Typica! Assiguments for One Semester Typical Exarminations for a One Semester Course Solutions to Problems Solutions to Thought Problems ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to thank Christine Bailor for preparing all ef this Solutions Manuel, and for the many students and graders who have contributed ta the sotutions it contains. David M. Himmelblau James B, Riggs To the Instructor This Solutions Manual accompanies the book Basic Principles and Cateulations in Chemical Engineering 7º edition published by Prentice Hall. In addition to the detailed worked out solutions for all of the problems that follow each chapter in the textbook and answers to the thought problems, you will find in what follows a number of useful components of a syllabus for students, information that usually are handed out during the first day of class: 1. Cinss grading palícies, homemork and reading essignments, and examination information. Class objectives. Schedule of topics covered. Suggestions for taking examinations. 5. Format standards for submitting homewwork. Suggested Content for the Intraductory Course in Chemical Engineering The introcuctory course in chemical engineering is usually taughst over an interval Df one or two semesters, or one or three quarters. The textbook contains more material ttzan can be successfully presented in one quarter and probably in one semester (depending on the background and previous coursework of students). Although an instruçtor would fike to assume that a student has learned al! of the materia) covered in earlier courses in chemistry and physics, i takes just one time in teaching the introductory course to abandon that expectation. The textbook is organized iato four parts comprised of 29 chapters plus three aditionel chapters in the eccompanying CD that treat material usually not included in a one semester course, The following list suggests the chapters to include in courses of various duration: One quarter [-13, 16-19,21-26 One semester 1-14, 16-19, 21.26,29 Two quarters LIS followed by 16-27, 29 Two semesters 1-16 followed by 17-32 Three quarters 132 followed by 13-20 followed by 21-32 Supplements to the Textbook Im addition to this solutions manual several resources are or will shortly become available that can facilitate the use of the texthook: 1. A serof Powerpoint slides that present key topics and figures, 2. A collection of examinations with solutions available to participants in an exam exchange program (if you send in your exams you can have access to exams submitted by other instructors). A collection of problems with solutions available to participants in a probtem. exchange progrem. A tist of corrections in the textbook. 5. Links o sites containing useful information end software, 6. Additional pictures of equipment with explanations of its operation. To access these too!s contacs Professor James B. Riggs at Texas Tech University. Course Objectives The objectives for Chemical Engineering 317 are as follows: L To introduce you to the principles and calculation techniques used in the field of chemical engineering. 2. To acquaint you with the fundamentals of material and energy balances as applied to chemical emgincering. 3. To acquaint you with efficient methods of problem solving so that you can cffectively solve problems you will encounter after leaving school. *: Toller practice in defining problems, collecting data, analyzing the deta, and breaking it down no basic patterns, and selection of pertiment information for application. 5 To review certain principles of applica physical chemisny. é. To heip you decide you have chosen the right field. Contributions to Program Outcomes Bb Eraduation a chemical engineering student should have achieved certain knowledge, sil, and abilies known as Program Outcomes, ChE 317 contibutes to five significam ouicomes, namely an ability to: !º Apply knowledge of mathematics, chemistry, physios computing, safe, ethical pratico, and technology to solve engineering problems. 2: Apply and integrate element of chemical engineering to solve problems in desiga, operation, and control of processes. 3. Particpeto in team activity etfectively and demonstrate lendership. 4 Comemunicate effectively via oral, written, and graphic means, 5 Appreciate the sucietal and economic impact of engineering decisions locally and globally. Fall Semester Exam Schedule The Rrst 5 exacms are evening exams en Thursday, open book of 2 hou duration, specifio times to be arcanged (such as 5-7, 6-8, 7.9, etc: Exam | September 14 Exam 2 Ociober | Exam3 October 16 Exam4 November 1 Exam5 November 15 qThe final exam is listed in the University final exam schedule (that will appear about December 1). Schedule Fall Semester for the Recitation Section Jhe recitaion section will meet on Thursday, 2-3:30 por, in CPE 2.220. The objective of She recitaion section isto lt you ask questions and provide assistance n problem solving for old or new ChB 317 homework and exam problems on & one.to-one basis. Atendanco is not required, bur you wil miss the unique opportunity to get personal attention if you want it. You wil also miss questions asked by ather students that ou bave not considered. You will also have the chance to mest other students in the class, and discuss anything (1) with hem. No assignments are made no grades given, no lectures presented, and no formol structure exists for the recitation section. IPs up to you to make use ofit. Suggestions for Taking Exams Bring wiat you want 10 the exams - they ate open book. Be sure to have adequate pencils, batteries, etc. Read the entire examination through quickiy before starting to work any one problem, Then wark first on those probléms which seem the simplest or about wltich you are most confident in soiving. Be sure to allot your working times to the questions roughly according to the grade value ofeach. fa problem is not completed in the time allotied, it is usually better to discontinue work on it and spend time on the other problems, Be surc to spend at least some time on each problem. Partiat solutions to all problems usuaily result in a higher averall grade than complete solutions to only a small portion of the problems (provided you do enough work on a problem to indicate that the correct method of attack is being seg), Wien starting work on a problem read it lhrough careftlly and be certain you understand it. Spend a short time thinking about the method of solution instead of writing dovm what first comes to mind. When writing down the solution, organize your work in 2 neat and iogical manner in spite of the time constrainis. This step not only impresses the grader but also pertmits him or her ta follow the work closely enough so that if à mistake is made he or she can still eveluate the sucoseding work. Neamness and organization also permit you to check your work more easily and to find quickly information needed later in the problem, Ta answering a question write enough so that the grader does not have to guess what you bad in mind, For example, when using equations, write down the equation first and then substitute numbers. A group of uumbers alone may confer little information to the grader, especially if they are the wrong numbers. When using data obtained from tables or charts, state the source — and in some cases the method of using the source. Draw pictures, and separate subproblems from each other. Tfit is obvious that you are not going to finish a problem, carefully outline the remainder of the solution by numbered steps, and include sufficient details, such as pertinent equations and methods of solving them, sources for remaining necessary data, etc. Jf you start to get rattled, slow down a bit - perhaps even think of something besides the examination for a minute or two. Remember that this one examination is not going to tmake or bresk you whatever suocess you have on it. View the problem bothering you as you wonld a bridge hand, crossword puzzle, or other game which involves solving a problem based on a given set of facts with available information. Sample ald exams are located in the ChE Siockroom, and can be taken out and copied, Practice solving old exams two or three days in advance of each exam to isolate your weskineases im subject material and exam taking skills What you should know about this course at the beginning that will be clear by final exam time You no longer are a freshman so that the material covered proceeds at à rapid pace. Your notions of teaching end leeening will require substantial adjnstment. Our goal is not for you to reproduce what was told to you in the classroom or you read in the text. Your study habits probably must change. Lecture time às at a premium and must be used efficienty, Listening is not leaming any more than lecturing is teaching. You are responsible for leaming the material, a phase that will occur primarily outside the classroom. The instructor cannot “teach” ail the skills you need in the short time of a class. It will take you two or three hours on the average per hour of class time to become proficient. The instractor's job is to provide a framework of the topie along with demanstrations to guide yois it your learning of concepts, methods, and efficient problem sotving skills. Tt is notto imprint you with isolated facts and problem types. IF you read the material in the assigned section for the next period before coming to class, the lecture will make more sense, and you can ask questions to clarify any uncertain issues. s, and draw en e is easy to pick out ofthe problem (a) dl margin. number, your if you staple the E =» | Pagozotã fest | pagos submit TYPICAL ASSIGNMENTS FOR ONE SEMESTER Topie and Problem Assigoments Due AM asslguments are In the 7º edition. Stady Topic and Problem Assignments Due AM assignments Are ba the h edition. Study First Class meeting. No assignments due UNITS, DIMENSIONS, UNIT CONVERSION 12,15,18,113 DIMENSIONAL CONSISTENCY, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES, VALIDATION, MOLES 118, 1.20, 1.21, 1.24,2.1 METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT 2.118, 2.149,2.15,2.19, 228, 2.33, 2.40 BASIS, TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE 3labe;4.82b6;5.2,5.4,58 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 5.13, 5.17,5.19,5.22,5.27 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL BALANCES 6.1,64,6.8,6.15,6.16 STRATEGY FOR SOLVING MATERIAL BALANCES TATI TA, 78,713 No class meeting. Exam No. 1 in the evening. MATERIAL BALANCES WITHOUT REACTION — SINGLE UNITS 87,8.8,8.10,8.12 MATERIAL BALANCES (CONTINUED) 8.18, 820,8.23,8.25 STOICHIOMETRY 9.22,8;9.11;9.38:9.29 Sections 1.t through 1.3 Sections 1.4, 1.5,2.1 Sections 2.2 through 2.7 Chapters 3, 4, and Section 5.1 Sections 5.2, 5.3 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 20. a. E 2. MATERIAL BALANCES WITH REACTION — SINGLE UNITS 10.1,103, 107,10.8 MATERIAL BALANCES WITH REACTION — SINGLE UNITS (CONTINUED) 30.18, 10.21, 10.25, 10.28 Review for Exam No, 2. No class meeting. Exam No. 2 in the evening. MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLE UNITS PENTESTR MANO MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH RECYCLE (NO REACTION) 12.3b,9; 122; 12.11, 12.12 MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH RECYCLE (WiTH REACTION) 12.14, 12.22, 12.23 IDEAL GAS AND PARTIAL PRESSURE 131, 13.6, 13.7, 13.22, 13.240 MATERIAL BALANÇES WITH IDEAL GASES 13.45, 13.48, 13.51 Review for Exam No. 3. No class meeting. Exem No. 3 in the evening. Section 10.1 É sections 10.2, 10.3 Chapters 6-10 Chapter 11 Sections 12.1, 12.2 Sections 12.3 through 12.5 Sections 13.1, 13.2 Section 13.3 Chapters 11, 12, 13 Topic and Problem Assignments Due AM assignments are in the edition. Study Topic and Problem Assignments Due AN assignments are in the 7º edition, Study REAL GASES - COMPRESSIBILITY 143, 143, (4.14, 14.18 REAL GASES - EQUATIONS OF STATE 15,5, 15,6, 15.11, 15.15 SINGLE COMPONENT-TWO PHASE SYSTEMS. | (VAPOR PRESSURE) | 16.1, 162,167 410, 169, 16.10b, 16.16, 16.17 , é TWO PHASE GAS-LIQUID SYSTEMS 11621, 1627, 17.1, 17:4,17.7 i TWO PHASE GAS-LIQUID SYSTEMS (CONTINUSD) 1712, 17.14, 1718, 17.22 PARTIAL SATURATION AND HUMIDITY 184, 18.5, 1811, 18.20 Review for Exam No. 4 No class meeting. Exam No, 3 in the evening. VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA AND THE PHASE RULE 19.2, 19,5, 19.10, I9.14, 19.20, 19.24 ENERGY: TERMINOLOGY, CONCEPTS, AND UNITS 211,21,3,21.14,21.16, 21.35, 21.42, 21.43 ENERGY BALANCES - CLOSED SYSTEMS 2229, b; 22.6; 22.10; 22.13 ENERGY BALANCES - OPEN SYSTEM 22.24, 22.25, 22.278, 22.29 Chagrer 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapters 16 and 17 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapters 13-18 Chapter 21 Sections 22.1 through 22.3 Sections 22.4, 22.5 CALCULATING ENTHALPY CHANGES 235, 23.8, 23.20, 23.22, 23.39 APPLICATIONS OF ENERGY BALANCES WITHOUT REACTION-CLOSED SYSTEMS 24,1,24.10,24.11 APPLICATIONS OF ENERGY BALANCES WITHOUT REACTION-OPEN SYSTEMS 24.3, 24.6, 24.14, 24.27, 24.25 Review for Exam No. 5 No class mesting. Exam No. 5 in the evening. ENERGY BALANCES WITH REACTION 25.4, 25.7ab; 25.8; 25.98; 25.11 CONTINUED 25.15, 25.18, 25.24, 25.26, 2542 APPLICATIONS OF ENERGY BALANCES FNCLUDING REACTION 26.4, 26.5, 269,26.12 IDEAL PROCESSES 27.1,275,22.10,27.13,27.15 HUMIDITY CHARTS 29.1, 29.2, 29.15, 29.19, 29:27, 29.32 Exam No. 6 is the fina! exam held on the scheduled finai exam period (3 hours). Note; 2 chapters have been omitted, Chapters 20 and 28, from the schedule. Chapter 23 Sections 24.1 through 24.3 i Section 24.4 Chapters 19-24 Sections 25.1, 25.2 Sections 25.3, 25.4 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 29 EXAM NO.2 (Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1 (25%) A chemist astempis to prepare some very pure crystals of NasS04-10H20 by dissolving 200 g of Naz804 (MolWt=142.05) in 400 g of boiting water. He then carefully cools the solution slowly until some Na2S04- 10H20 crystaltizes out. Calculate the g of Na2804-10H20 recovered in the crystals per 100 g of initial solution, if the residual solution afler the orystals are removed contains 28% NazSO4. Right answer but; —10 ifanswer isin pef —10 if answer not Na2SO4 and not g of per 100 g of initial NazSOg I0HO soln PROBLEM 2 (25%) Water pollution in the Hudson River has claimed considerabie recent attention, especially pollution from sewage outlets and industrial wastes, To determine accurately how much effluent enters the river is quite difficult because to catch and weigh the materia! is impossible, weirs are hard to construet, etc. One suggestion whici had been offered is to add a trace Bro ion to à given sewage stream, let it mix well, and sample the sewage stream after it mixes well On one test of the propsat you add ten pounds of NaBr per hour for 24 hours to à sewage stream with essentiatly no Br in it. Somewhat downstream of the introduction pointa sampling of the sewage stream shows 0.012% NaBr. The sewage density is 60.3 Ib/t3 and river water density is 62.4 Ib/f3. What is the flow rate of the sewage in Ib/min? =[0 if answer based on —15 124 hr basis 0.052 fracain and not was used and then 000012, not converted back to per hour basis. PROBLEM 3 (25%) In preparing 5.00 moles of a mixture of three gases (SO, Ho, and CS), gases from three tanks are combined ínio a fourth tank. The tanks have the following compositions (mole fractions): Gas Tank 1 Tank? Tank3 Tank 4 80 010 0.20 025 020 Hs 0.40 0.20 025 0.26 cs 8.50 0.60 0.50 0.54 How much ot Tanks 1, 2, and 3 must be mixed to give a product with composition of Tank4? —10 for correct answer but wrong 15 A fot of people said no soin. basis They used wrong basis, esc. No soin but correct mat balance (continued) PROBLEM 4 (25%) 10% a) — Forthe given distillation process, caleulate the composition of the bottoms stream. 15% b) Jf steam leaked into the column at 1000 moleisec and all else was constant, what would the nesy bottoms composition be? —S (should be g-mole), if assumed to k-moie and not stated. Coming, Water Disbilteto =? fo: Feedh= 100 yfne Flu to HO 10% Etou te Ho aê Feudo WtHo SoHomns? Etonr? ) Hoat Ezam No. 3 Open Book Exam, 2 hours) A] PROBLEM 1 (35%) A company bus an intermediate product gas having the composition 4,3% CO, 27% CO, 10% Hz, 1.0% CHá, and tite residual No together with a waste oil having the composition 87% C, 13% Ho. Analysis of the stack gas gives an Orsat analysis of 14.6% C03, 0.76% CO, and 7.65 02 and the rest No. Calculate the fraction of the total carbon burned that comes from the product gas. PROBLEM 2 (35%) Benzene, toluene and other atomatic compounds can be recovered by solvent extraction with sulfi dioxide. As on example, a estalyti reformate stream containing 70% by weight benzene and 30% non-benzene material is passed thraugh the counter- current exiractive recovery scheme shown in the diagram below. One thousand pounds of the reformate stream and 3000 pounds of sulfur dioxide are fed to the system per hour. The benzene product stream (the extract) contains 0.15 pound of sutfur dioxide per pound of benzenc. The rafiinate stream contains all the initially charged non-benzene material as wel) as 0.25 pound of benzene per pound of the non-benzene material, The remaining component in the rafiinate stream is the sulfur dioxide. (a) | How many pounds of benzene are extracted per hour, i.e, are in the extract? (b) 1800 pounds of benzene containing in addition 0.25 pound of the non-benzene material per pound of benzene are flowing per hour at point Á and 700 pounds of benzene conteining 0.07 pound of the non-benzene material per pound of benzene are flowing at point B, how many pounds (exclusive of the sulfur dioxide) are flowing at points C and D? 0.15 1580, Extrait hontesa plas pao - 4 3 1 2 o l l | t Saltur diaxido 1906 1bfhz catalyido reformas si TT ontinued) PROBLEM 4 (10%) Answer the following questions by placing T fro true end F for false on your answer page. Grading: +2 if correct, O if blank, -1 if wrong. (a) — Heat and thermal energy are synonymous terms used to express one type of energy. 1) — Yeoucan find the enthalpy change a! constant pressure of a Substance such as CO» from the solid to the gaseous state by integrating To gr from (solid temperature) to Ta (gas temperature) fora TEA Coma press po (0) The enthalpy change of a sbustance cam never be negative. (d Heat and work are the only methods of energy transfer in a non-flow process, (e) Both Q and AH can be classed as state fanctions (variables) PROBLEM 5 (25%) Hot reaction products (assume they have the same properties as air) at 1000ºF leave a reactor. In order to prevent further reaction, the process is designed to reduce the temperature of the producis to 400ºF by immediately spraying liquid water into the gas stream. How many Ib of water at 70ºE are required per 100 Ib of produets leaving at FO at TOºE 06% Peducts o tooosE Mo A Reactor For this problem you do not have to get a numerical solution. Instead list the following in this order. 1. State what the system you select is. 2. Specify open or closed. 3 Prawapicure. 4. Putalithe known or calculated data on the pioture in the proper places, 5. Write down the material and energy balanoes (use the symbols ia the text) and simplify them as much as possible, list each assumption in so doing. 6. Ensertihe known deta into the simplified equation(s) you would use to solve the problem. Exam No.5 (Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1 (10%) Answer the following questions briefly (no more than 3 sentences); à Does the addition of an inert dilutent to the reectants entering an exothermic: process increase, decrease, or make no change in the heat transfer to or from the process? d. Afthereaction in a process is incomplete, «lat is the effect on the value of the standard heat of reaction? Does it go up, dowm, or remain the seme? e. How many properties are needed to fix the state of a gas so that a!] of the other properties can be determined? d Consider the reaction Ha(g) + À OxXg) — H>O(g). ds the heat of reaction «with the renctants emtering and the products leaving at S00K higher, lower, or the same as the standard heat of reaction? PROBLEM 2 (10%) Explain bow you would calcuate the adiabatio reaction temperature for Problem 5 below if'the outlet temperature is not specified. List each step. (You cam cite some of the steps listed in Problem 5 5f you list them by number in Problem 5.) PROBLEM 3 (20%) A flue gas at 750ºE and | atm of composition 14,0% CO», 1.0% CO, 6.4% Oy, and the balance N2 is the product of combustion with excess air at 750ºF and 1 atm ihar is used to bum coke (C). (continued) What is the volume in ft? of the flue gas leaving the fumace per pound of carbon burned? b. What is the volume of air in 3 entering the furnace per pound of C bumed? PROBLEM 4 (20%) Seven pounds of No are stored in a cylinder 0.75 ft? volume at 120ºF. Calculate the pressure in the cylinder in atmosphere: a. Assuming Na to be an ideal gas, db. Assuming Nois a real gas and using compressibility factors. PROBLEM 5 (40%-—one half ench for the material and energy halances) Pyrites (FeS2) is converted to sulfir dioxide (502) gas according to the reaction 4FeSa(s) + 11 Oxg)> 2 FezOs(s) + 8 SOn(g) The air which is 35% excess (based on the above reaction) for combustion enters at 27º€, the ore at 18ºC, and the products leave at 900K. Because of equipment degradation, unburned FeS> exits from the process. in one hour BODO kg of pyrites are fed to the process, and 2000 kg of FezO3 are produced. What is the heat added or removed trom the process? Data: For FeSa, Cp = 44.77 + 5.590 x 10-2T where T is in Ketvin and Cp is in Jg molXK). For F203, Cp = 103,4 + 6.71 x 10-27 with the same units. Exam No, 6 Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1(20%) A high pressuro line carries nacural gas (all methane) at 10,000 kPa and 40ºC. How would you calculate the volume of the gas under these conditions that is equivalent to 6,03 m3 of CH, at standard conditions using an equation of state? Select one equation other then van der Weal's equation, and fist it on your solution page. Give a list of steps to complete the caloulations. Include all the proper equations, and include a list of data involved, but you do not have to obtain a solution for the volume. PROBLEM 2 (20%) From the following data estimate the vapor pressure of sulfur dioxide at L00ºC. Temperature ((C) |-10 1 63 “321 | 555 Vapor pressure (atm) a Í [sT To PROBLEM 3(20%) Dry atmospherie air at the ambient conditions of 90ºF and 29.42 in. Hg absolute passes through a small blower and is bubbled up through water so that the air leaving the water is saturated. The temperature of the water is constant at 80ºF, and because of the back pressure in the system, the pressure in the vapor space in the top of the bottle is 2.7 in. hours, 13 minutes, 47 seconds, and the decrease in weight was found to be 8.73 lb. What was the houriy rate of flow of air at ambient conditions in 83? PROBLEM 4(20%) A vessel with a volume of 2.83 mê contains a mixture of nitrogen and acetone at 44.0ºC and 100.0 kPa. The dew point of the mixture is 20.0ºC and the relative saturation of the acetone in the mixture is 58,39%, The vapor pressure of acetone at 44.0ºC is 65.35 kêa and it is 24,62 kPa at 20.0ºC. a. Whatis the partial pressure of acetone vapor in the original mixture, in kPa? b. How many kg moles of acetone does the original mixture contain? Ifthe nitrogen-acetone mixture is cooled with the volume remaining at 2.83 mê constant so that 27.0 percent of the acetone condenses, what is the final temperature of the mixture in ºC? (continued) Solutions Chapter 1 Solutions Chapter 1 14 a, Basis: 60,0 milefhr 60.0 mile [5280 R br [imile Tr 3600 sec = A See b. Basis: 50.0 Ibm/tin)" (100 em Cm? 50.07, ri lkg | im tin) | LIb [1000 g (2,54 cm)? e. Basis: 6.20 cm/(hej 6.20 em| Im [10'am hr? (br)? [100 em (3600 sec)" 3.52 x 10! dE] [mi (a) [Nímm art (nanomerer) (b) |eoMis fe) | 100kPa (a) [27315Kk (e) |1.50m.45kg (D [rec (e |Ys ) [250N ta Basis: | mid fo em Dic io (se Zee tm dm Um! ATA ta Modem Dm b. Bass Lys 1 eºj60 Ds (Tab ga LAS, cs Ta] FEET] shi mil TR 1 0.08 g [60 minl(i2 inP[1 16, NRO a Gin Ami) tr Tr E fasag O E) (7 3 s axpasoo spam io [o +. Lhe 1) day|28.32L day 6Cnyem') [1 | Giny | ty liday Cbr j22%, Gnkskiba RP) (12 in [62.54 em; [365 days |24 hr [36005] L kg 1 R [03048 m nd STD hiaxio Pill 1f “O qa) € 13 The Pascal is a pressure unit, defined as LN/m? and it is not the same as a mass flux unit. The correct equivalent is 3.9 Mg/(h)m"). TF the “lb” means "be. then the conversion is correct, Since the English short ton is not part of SI, "Lito" is not, either Comect is "34 gal/ton (142 L/Mg)." If the ton is a metric ton, then [29 /tom is correct. 20 hp)0.7457 KW =14 Tp kw not encugh power even at 100% efficiency: 68 kW = 91.2 hp. o Solutions Chapter 1 Solutions Chapter 1 lhr [2200 gat]1000 mile PB CDE [81905 ga] Rsmiel te lhr |2000 gatjtooo mite | [4210 gal s7smitel Thr | (20 gal) None: 20 gal more are needed. 10Bu |24brs| 19 | tin” |(100cm | 8ºF|254em dmg do HE st te” [cl in ALBs La Tiso 10º KT 1 Bu ER cal tido JO Car? EC /em) 18 Let ty be the time for A to paint one house; é for B A does a house in 5 hours, er 1 housciS br. B does one house in 3 hours, or | house(3 hz. Sh 1 house! 3hr hrs dona do, house Alson=á soa Er, + Oslo É 15 15 15 [85] Basis: LIDO a ALI 3 RT] do) * id a s | ns SAM) b LetAmaregofthe pipe and v= water velocity. The flow rate is ein] a (La |a njoo spas gl (02 mos ltminl 1a É pose 19 (a) mass, because masses are balanced (b) weight, because the force exerted on the mass pushes a spring 13 Not really — but people do not usually distinguish between mass and weight 110 20.08] ! Iby Jo. 3048mj36005| NE) | agr (mXsdasa6 gl 18 Ji hriBzitadd o XR)600Ps? 114 “The objeot has a mass of'21.3 kg (within a precision of4 .1 kg). The weight is the force used to support the mass, 
