Baixe Resumão english grammar e english verbs e outras Resumos em PDF para Contabilidade, somente na Docsity!
www. bafisa.com.br Nouns are nantes for: People: boy, noman, Mary. Places: New York, Paris, home, store Animals: dog, horse, morm. Things; car boot, computer ldeas; honesty, bean! There are: Common Nouns: building, planet, boy Proper Nouas; White House, Earth, George. There are two types of nouns: Count Noun a book, a store Noncount Noum water, honesty Count [simgutar de plural] two books some books alotofbools many books a fem bouks Noncount [no plural] some water a great deal of water adot of water much water a little water vin grammar, noncoant nouns cannot be counted. » The verb following a noncount now is always singular: A lot of water passes under the bridge. * A noneouat noun never takes the indefinite article a/am. * PLURALS OF NOUNS For most regular plurals, add an -s to the word: coins, apples, Other Noun Plurais « When the singular ends in 5, sh, ch, x, Z, add -es; classes. a When the singular ends in 0, add -s. Exceptions: tomaroes. potatoes, echoes, heroes. » When the singular ends in y (preceded by 2 vowel), only -5 is added: toys. a When the singular ends in y (preceded by a conso- nant), «tes is added: babies. Notms that end in -f or «fo change to -ves endings: calf caes life, lives shelf, shelves half habes — Inaflogves — thiet, úhicves lmives self selves wolf wolves Jeaf leaves searf, searves Exceptions: helieft, chiefs, cliff, rag. = Following ste some irregular plurals: child, children mause, mice Too, feet ox, oxen louse, fice toath, teeth man, mem woman, women = Some nouns in English come from other languages and have foreign plurals: analysis, anabjses appendix, appendices, appendixes bacterium, bacteria basis, buses cacius, cacti, cociuses crisis, crises eriterion, criteria curriculum, curricuda datum, data formula, formulae, formulas hypothesis, lypotheses index, indices, indexes medium, media memorandum, memoranda oasis, onses parenthesis, parentheses Phcnomenon, phenomena stimulus, stimudi syilabus, syilabi, spilabuses thesis, theses vertebra, vertebrae EXCLUSIVO! APRENDA pe 4 Here arc a few common noncount nous categories und examples: Whole groups Abstract nouns Small items mail beauty hair Iuok sait ; musio sugar Big masses Languages Other eo French weather smoke Arabic hear paper Spanish soccer Expressions of quantity come before a noun: = Some are used with only count nouns. a Some are used with only noncount nouns, « Some are used with both. Expression of quantity: Count rtoun: ime book eachtevery book two/bothaicoiiple of. books three, ate. books afewivevétal books many/a number of tools Noncount noun;
“Where?” She opens the present inside. eia “She openod the presêni esténday; “To what extent?” She opens the present very quickly. = Adverbs express time (tomorrow, early, Into, etc): doi arríves tomorrow. vesterday, today, = Frequency adverbs (someti etc.) tell “how after?” some “How often do you smoke? es, usualky, often, never, on happens: “I never smoke” 100% <=> always usually often Boh= «> 0% sometimes rarely never occasionaliy seldom not ever hadlyever o » Frequency adverbs come BEFORE vers Fsimple present & past] (usually comes, never ate, often do, never had): She usually comes ai & PM. + Usually, never, often, rarcly come AFTER the verb “pe” [simple present & past]: She is usually on time, » Frequency adverbs come BETWEEN an ausiliaty and main veib (has always been, WiH never cat, had often come): She has always been cm time. COMPARISON INTTH ADVERES = With one syllable adverbs, use -er when two persons or two things are compared; He came later than I did. She mukes up earhier than the rest of us do. Mary types faster than 1 do. a Witli three or more nouns add the and «est (the Intest, the exrticst, the slowest, etc.) Alice fopes the fastest of alt of us. » Most âdverbs that end in -ly use the word more when comparing two verbs + adverbs: He runs more quickly (than his brother), She speaks mare clearty (than her classmates). = When comparing more than two verbs and adverhs, use the most; He runs more quickly than his brother; bul his cousin runs the most quickly (of the thrco). = Some adyerbs chengo their forms completely when they are used in comparisons: wet better dest bad worse much; remore little less * PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are words that show a special relation- ship between two things. = Prepositions also answer such questions as where? when? and how? The studenis are in the library. (Where ate they?) dot is coming by bus. (Low is ho coming?) Sho leaves at 8:00 a.m. (When does sho leave?) Common prepositions: about before despite of to[werd]Es] above behind dom off under across below during on until after bencath for out uplonj against besido[s] from over with along between inltoj frongh vrilinfvitcal among beyond like throughout around by near ill = Many vetbs are followed by prepositions. a tis important to learn both the ver and the preposi- tion = Thc meaning of a verb will changc depending on the propasition vahich follows it, Verb and preposition combinations: geton listen for getout listento gerup wait for wait on stand for stand out stand up CONNECTING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES = An independent clanse is à sentence [subject (5) + verb (V)] that has meaning when it stands by itself. Tneed help. sv She likes socuer s v Independent clauses can be combined wit “come. tors” or conjunctions wltich slow lho relationship between the first and second clause. The first clause in all the examples below is the same; however, the second clauses are different = AND signals an addilion of equal importance: doi às sick, and he is not going to school today. « BUT (YET) signals a contrast: Jolm is sick, but he is going to school today, Jokm is sick, or he is pretending. = SO signals a result: John is sick, sa he is not going to schooi today. = FOR signals a reason: Join is sick for he got a cold im the main. x Use a comma between the first independent clase and the second. PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS » When two subjects are connerted, the subject closer to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural, not anty + noun + but also + noun: Not enty mp brother but also mp sister is in Europe. elther + noun + or +noun: Either my brother or my sister will be in Europe. neither + nour +-nor + noun: Neither my brother nor my sister is in Europe. Neither my brothers nor my sisters are in Eumpe. a When two subjects are connected by both, they take a plural verb: both + noun + and + noun: Both mp brother and my sister are in Europe. x THE ENGLISH SENTENCE A sentence usually has a subject [5] and a verb [V]. Boysrun. Peopleeat Fish suim. sv s v 5 v = Some sentences also have an object [0] People cat food. s vo Mary enjoyed the movie. 5 v o They need passporis s v o = Some sentences also have an indireot object [10]. Jolm gave a present to me. 10 John gave me a present. [no preposition] 19 X THE ALPHABET X CARDINAL NUMBERS E Tese nero O-zero 21 - twenty-one How the weather? 18 destes intho English atphader: 1-one 22 -twenty-tivo tes summy 2-two 23 - twenty-tiuco JWhat 5 the temperature 3-three 30 -thirty outside? 4 - four j É 3 -thirtyone tr> colg its 20 degrees. : 5-five / 32 thirty-tvo Á é -six é ao - forty - ts cloudy. ] 7 -seven E 41 -foriy-ono . Ts freezing, j 8 -cight . [ts cold. X MEASURES rea “e GE | treino derem 40-tem 51 = Rifle TOS uowing. Distance 4 -eleven 60 - sixiy do | é. Its stormy. 4 tinch=254 conimees N 42 - twelve 70 - sevento E) 7itssuny 4 [DP foot= 1 inches= 0,3048 meter EAR 23 -tbirteen 80 - eighty id Tt hot. É yard = 3 feet A 44 - fourteen SO - ninety . 1t5 thundering. 1 mi : À 45-fiftom 100 - one tmared 10. 11% windy, 3 míles il e | 46-sixem 200 - two hundred 1 acre o Md 47 - seventeen 1,090 - one thousand í E 48 - eighneen 10,000 - ten thousand a. í Weight AN 49 - ninexcen 1,000,000 - 1 million N 1 2 Pa t 1 ounce — 1/16 of a pound 20 -twenty 1,000,000,000 - t billion ED ponsa ds cnnces A 1 qui V X ORDINAL Ast first eighih 1 galion = 4 quarts 2nd second ninih 3d third tenith áth Fourth one hundredth x DAYS OF THE WEEK th fiih one hundred and e th sixh twenty-fourth What day is? 7h seventh Today is January Ist, 2001, a new century! . Monday TIME Tuesday — Wednesday The Pastr “last week Yellow «the day before yesterday "yesterday Green a é SIN the weekend = Saturday, Sunday The Present: Light Blue =today X MONTHS OE THE YEAR The Future: Daik Bh E! - tomorrow am ve : May September - the day after tomorrow í a Juze October - next vecele Bluc i July November »P Purple i il August December The Time: p Pink Whaí time is it? His a quarter ofimo. x THE SEASONS moming — AM (before noon) E spring summer fall winter afiernoon — PM (after noon) evening — after 7 PM | Ex Directions vm 12 PM — ==. ” i Raia id AM midnight Y Barros, Fischer ! 2:10 AM — two ten (in the morning) | Sc Associados E E esição north 3:15 PM - three fifleen or quarter past e vembro(20% o EO Northwest Northeast three (in the afternoon) Resumã Jú ou ; à alt pas line fenel, MA à Des 4:30 PM — four thirty or half past four Editora: Liana feos t west (in the evening) Consultora: Laura Metory Nasser 1 noreas soutiwest Southeast 5:35 AM — five thirty-tivo or twventy- Revisão: Márcia Menin Eros outhwes! outiheas! five of six (in the morning) Pesugão - Engl Grammar [ig como Segura Lau nt southeast 11:45 PM — eleven forty-five or quarter Gil o Spds Erbletios Gra be O Berna ic 2 sonhos of twelve (in the evening) TISA, Todos 05 cias msenve Eedoraço: Rua tino, 6 Lapa, São Paulo, CEF D5064-020 Teleloneilax: O[x4)t1 3675-0508 x A FEW GREETINGS Sit, ur Baia com br E-mai: bafisaQuoL com.br i mn Impressão: Eskenaz: Inoustria Gráfios Ltda. E Distribuição o vendas: Bailsa, tel: Dlwxit1 3640508] Hello Greetings Common Responses Atenção How are pou?. Tri fine; Ehuinke you, and you? e esmessamento | ISBN 85-88749-37-8 Good moming What's your name? Mp name is Peter pri a raprodo. | | ] ção ot ou par al Thank you, Tou are welcome. da contetido desta Good evening Let me introduce you to Mary, Hello Mary, delighted to meet you. publeação sem à Speak slowly, please; Tam sorry . rs. Furienção Bh7493 Good night Goodbye. Guodiye, ti was nice meeting you. peito ate iroas EXCLUSIVO! APRENDA FÁCIL, CONSULTE RÁPIDO ENGLISH VERES Verbs are words that usually show action. Some examples are: talk, walk, sit, eat, go, write. She eats à banana, Sometimes verbs do not show action; instead, some verhs connect the subject with an adjectivo. Some examples are: be, become, get, smell, sound, taste, feel, look, appear. seem. The banana tastes sweet. Verbs also give information about time. Some verb tenses arc: present, past, fiture: Today it rain Yesterday à rained. Next week it will rain. Simple Tenses tell about habits, single actions. Continuous or Progressive Tenses focus on actions: happening at the moment of speaking [continuous tenses always have a form of the verb “be” and “ing” om the base form of the verb]. 
